Ecology, carbon Emission and Economy

Sustainable development: Sustainable development takes into account all aspects related to the business (i.e.) raw materials, human and economic system. Sustainable development can produce products and services that meet the desires and human needs while preserving the environment for future generations. We can then say that sustainable development is linked with ethics. The World Commission on Environment and Development United Nations defines sustainable development in 1987 this way: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The ecological footprint is a tool to evaluate the quantity of energy used for the production of a product or service. Can then be compared with this tool the difference between what natures provides us and what we consume.

It is used to make predictions but also to measure human actions on the environment. It measures not only for human consumption but also of a country, or even the planet nature necessary for the production of an object. E. Williams REES one of the two creators of the term suggests the following definition: "The ecological footprint is the corresponding area of productive land and aquatic ecosystems required to produce the resources consumed and to assimilate the wastes produced by a defined population at a specified material life. ' The carbon balance: The carbon footprint is a tool to quantify the greenhouse gas effect greenhouse (GHG) emissions of a company or an administration. These emissions can be direct or indirect. Carbon footprint to become much more important than the ecological footprint as international governments based GHG limits on companies that are based on the calculation methods.

 The great strength of the carbon footprint that is compatible with the ISO 14064 and 14065 with the theme here is the official definition proposed by ADEME: "A method of accounting for emissions of greenhouse gases from readily available data to arrive at a proper assessment of direct or indirect emissions from your business or territory." These definitions related to the various international meetings and scientific reports have led to the emergence of these themes in world governments. The Kyoto Protocol in 1997 was the first meeting has taken quantified commitments. It aims to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs).

Best Advice to Get out of Your Debt

Number of people are facing debt, and for some it can turn into a nightmare. Although the debt can be a positive thing, it can also quickly mutate into vicious circle that will push you to develop a funding plan for all your purchases. So I would like to present my principles to get out of debt. Stop funding your purchases and stop keep accumulating new debt. Someone who is in debt should not continue to invest either in bank accounts at risk or in new or objects. An increase in the debt does not usually get out of your debt (at least not in the context of personal finances). If you have a credit card that allows you to have a negative balance, get rid of it and ask your bank to a card that does not allow negative balances.

Stop your recurring payments:

Your subscriptions for cable, mobile phones (especially phones last generation) and contributions to gym classes or others which weigh a lot in your monthly budget. I suggest you delete any subscription "useless" (type gym, cable or magazine) and try to reduce the burden of subscriptions called "essential" as the phone (internet package or unlimited time options are most can happen) or the Internet.

Build an emergency fund:

Unfortunately, being in debt does not mean you are immune to mishaps. At any time, an unexpected expense can come fill your budget dedicated to paying off your debt (step detailed in the following section) and you jeopardize your opposite banks, insurance companies and other creditors. Note that the process of creating an emergency fund can take several months.

Pay off your debts:

Like the previous, this step may take several months or even years depending on the amount of your debt. You must first establish a monthly repayment to spend. There is no fixed value for that amount and it all depends on the total value of your debt, your income and the time you have to make the repayment. The first step to begin the repayment of your debts begins by taking a second job. Although this option is not valid for everyone, I think especially to parents who keep their children, or some may be working too much to spend time on a second job. The fact is that this solution is very effective to increase substantially the share of your income devoted to paying off your debts. You will then need to establish a method to repay your debts. Some say that we must first repay debts that cost you the most in interest. Others think it is better to start with the smaller debts worth to get rid of them one by one and more quickly. I find this second solution most suitable for each canceled debt cancellation generates interest. So you can add to your monthly value of the interest on the debt previously canceled. Accumulated small amounts added to your monthly payment will allow you to increase significantly. Now you just have to start clearing your debt. The process can be long and difficult, but this task will dramatically change your outlook a financial point of view.

The Financial Rating Agencies

The rating agencies are responsible for assessing the risk of a borrower's credit worthiness, which may be a business, a state or a community at large. In other words, they size up the risk of a borrower not to repay its debt. Only financial criteria are taken into account in the scoring. There are around150 rating agencies are there in worldwide but the most important are a few more particularly Moody's, Standard & Poor's and Fitch. They are in the lime light in the recent years due to the worldwide financial crisis. The scoring system, which is the statistical analysis, is more specific to each rating agency and they differ.

For example let us consider the following two agencies which were mentioned above, their possible scores are the best score to worst:
 
Standard and Poor's: AAA, AA, A, BBB, BB, B, CCC, CC, D


Moody's: Aaa, Aa, A, Baa, Ba, B, Caa, Ca, C

Generally, agencies add to their score the medium term may be positive, neutral or negative. Financial markets are very attentive to the ratings agencies. Thus, the rating given by rating agencies has a direct impact on the borrowing rates. AAA borrower can expect to get loans at very low rates (about 3% for the State), while a borrower rated poorly will have real difficulties in obtaining the same loan for higher rate of interest. These agencies have been criticized, especially about the role they played in the Greek crisis of 2010. The European Commission and European governments feel they have contributed to speculation on the financial markets. Evaluation methods of banks by the rating agencies have recently been questioned by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) after the rating downgrade of a large number of international banks and the lack of stability of their ratings.

Virtual banks

Virtual banks are increasingly popular among investors. Since they have combined more advantages than the regular banks, people are attracted towards it. Now a day we are hearing more positive news about them. As the name suggests, almost all their entire activities happens online. Having all their activities focused on the web platform their operating cost minimized. No need for branches and no need for high paying multiple advisory. Consequence of all these the money savings are passed on to the customers virtual banks. In banking industry, the bank charges are very high and they are charging for each withdrawal but this kind of charges can be avoided in the online banks.

In virtual banks the administration fees and other regular bank charges are absent. You not only pay less but also the offer higher interest rates for your money deposited with then unlike the other street banks. With online banking, you can access your money at any time, 24h/24 and 7 days / 7. Sites are secure and the customer service is often of good quality. You can also automatically save practicing payroll deductions and pay yourself first. This behavior is preferred to achieve affluence smile icon Virtual banks. Finally, there is no bank fees charged; no minimums and most importantly, no limit transactions.

U.S. Probe of Gold Price Manipulation

The noose is tightening on manipulation of the price of gold and silver. According to some sources of the financial sector, U.S. regulators are investigating at the moment on possible price manipulation in the world biggest gold market. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC - Commission control and regulation of U.S. futures markets) examines closely the method of pricing in London. The Gold price is decided by few banks who meet twice a day to fix the 'spot' price of troy ounce of physical gold, according to some sources. The CFTC focuses on transparency factors including pricing for both the gold market.

 No official investigation was opened according to sources. This study took place at a time when regulators are reconsidering larger scale criteria for financial references following a scandal involving the manipulation of interest rates. Three major banks have agreed to pay penalties totaling U.S. $ 2.5 billion following the alleged manipulation of the London interbank rate, or Libor practiced and where more than a dozen financial firms are still subject to investigation. Is the price of gold the most important market in the world was controlled by five banks? The gold price is fixed daily by a group of banks and plays an important role on the price of the jewelery industry. It determines the gains that will be going to the mining companies that are selling their raw materials to the refineries. This helps determine the value of derivatives whose prices are linked to metals. U.S. commercial banks had some $ 198 billion in contracts related to precious metals during the month of September 2012, according to sources from the Office of Currency Control (Office of the Comptroller of the Currency). CFTC's decision is alarming. The agency headed since 2009 by Gary Gensler, a former executive at Goldman Sachs Group Inc., has played a key role in the global survey of interest rates. Mr. Gensler has called for the analysis of the benchmarks that are subject to further reforms that would require them to be based on actual transactions rather than estimates submitted by industrial companies. Mr. Gensler is the co-chair of a working group of international regulators mechanism and in charge of examining these criteria and plans to publish a new set of guidelines in the spring.

 "The thought that widespread manipulation or tampering (interest rates) can spread leads us to ask questions about the veracity of other key points," said Bart Chilton, CFTC Commissioner at a roundtable on February 26 in Washington on financial benchmarks. "What energy swaps, the fixing of the gold and silver in London and the whole litany of 'bors' referring to Libor, Euribor and many others. In the case Libor, are traders who have provided false data to the industry organization in charge of publishing the reference rate with the aim of creating more profitability. Barclays PLC, Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC and UBS AG have made regulations result in fines up to $ 1.2 billion, paid to the CFTC. CFTC leaders have said that if Libor drew their attention. The agency had previously reported a series of cases between 2003 and 2005 imposing sanctions on companies and contractors for trying to manipulate the price of natural gas by providing false information to companies responsible for energy rankings.


 The CFTC began investigating following complaints received from a number of investors in the summer of 2008. These worried indeed the sudden decline in the price of silver. And this could be the result from a manipulation or market malpractice. The CFTC has never confirmed or denied the facts relating to the investigation. A spokesman for the CFTC did not want to speak on this subject. Controlling binding factors of the market prices of gold and silver has long been a source of debate. According to Kurt Pfäfflin, precious metals broker at Daniels Trading in Chicago said that this has always been in the minds of those who lingered on theories conspiracy. He says he does not believe in price manipulation 'spots'. Price-fixing, dating back to 1897 in the case of silver and 1919 in the case of gold, takes place through telephone conferences between banks.

Calls on gold held from 10.30 to 15 pm UK time. Calls related to money held at noon every day. Fixing the price of gold in London involves five banks: Barclays, Deutsche Bank AG, HSBC Holdings PLC, Bank of Nova Scotia and Society General SA. Pricing involves money Bank of Nova Scotia, Deutsche Bank and HSBC. Methods of price fixing are "based rather on the basis of supply and demand until a price is determined. This method is fully transparent. Nothing to do with the Libor "said a spokesman for the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA), in charge of guidelines on the quality of gold and silver traded on the London market. It does not handle the money.