Money Market Blog

Monday, February 13, 2023

Stock Parking

Do you know what stock parking is? It is a practice where a group of people lends their accounts to a person for purchasing and holding the shares. Market manipulators use this tactic to cloak their manipulative works. You will be called "figureheads" if you lend your account to market manipulators.

It is common for banks and companies as these hold custody of their client's assets. But, market manipulators usually abuse this practice to circumvent regulatory requirements or commit illegal acts. Manipulators compensate the figureheads and give them money to control accounts like stock trading and give instructions for voting corporate actions. Let's dig into the article to know about stock parking in detail.

What is Stock Parking?

Stock parking is an illegal practice where people sell their shares to other people by letting them know that the actual owner of the share will purchase them back after a short time. Its target is concealing a stock's real ownership & maintaining the appearance of regulatory compliance.

It occurs when someone buys a share, but it is held by the 3rd party temporarily before being placed in the account of the final client. Brokers can obviate regulatory disclosures of specific positions & transactions because stock parking is not legal.

Stock Parking Explained:

As we have told before, it is an illegal measure where brokers sell shares to a party, and later the party will sell it to the original broker with a profit to the receiving broker. Hence, the target is to decrease the position for disclosure deadlines. Parking stocks are mainly done by brokerages for keeping holdings clean under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) guidelines during disclosure periods. Otherwise, they do so to appear as if they fulfilled all the obligations by the settlement date for a specific trade.

A stock broker can park stocks without the knowledge of the employers. Hence, they can shift their shares to the brokerage's internal regulations to conform instead of avoiding an SEC violation. It can sometimes happen that two stockbrokers collude for their profits without knowing about each other's companies with this arrangement. To avoid the disclosure of long-term holdings is one of the intentions of brokers also. In this case, the reason may be that the whole holdings can not withstand federal scrutiny when all long-term holdings are retained by them. Otherwise, the reason is that the brokerage firms are holding penalties for aged stocks.

Common Illegal Acts:

We have given here some common illegal acts which are related to stock parking.

Market Rigging:

Market manipulators usually buy stocks & sell them with figurehead accounts, just like the "ping pong" game. They also give instructions to the figureheads with different brokers when or what stocks they have to buy and sell. After that, they dump the stock at an expensive rate.

Vote Planting:

The market manipulators can arrange for the figureheads to vote in a shareholder meeting so that they can secure approval for corporate actions like rights problems with high subscription ratio and price discount.

Circumventing Regulatory Requirements:

They conceal their original shareholding with the help of this practice to evade specific regulatory requirements. For instance, they may need to make a general offer to purchase shares that are left in a company by holding shares of 30% or more.

Cornering Of Placing Shares In GEM Listing Activities:

Several placement-only GEM listings viewed placing agents for allocating a small share to many retail investors to fulfil the minimum number of shareholders. This move is called as cornering of shares. As a result, shareholding is concentrated highly in the arms of market manipulators.

They can use the figurehead accounts to manipulate share rates upon listing. As a result, they experience a price surge of 10 times or more for luring retail investors into taking up these stocks.

Trading practice via figurehead accounts undermines the market's transparency. It can cover up the company's "true" shareholding distribution to prevent investors from getting a complete picture for making informed decisions. But those in the dark are capable of making erroneous investment decisions. Recently, a few small-cap stocks were available to have several shareholders. But they were highly concentrated among some shareholders.

Parking vs. Kiting:

The term "Parking" mainly refers to a form of share kiting. Hence, brokerage firms intend to cover undeclared short positions, the stock of which wasn't given by the settlement date. Instead of performing a buy-in transaction, firms are colluding with one another. In this case, these delay the settlement procedure and, later, inflate several shares for trade in the secondary market.

It also represents the market's collusion and artificial manipulation. In this case, you should know that when it comes to talk about the SEC regulations, the punishment severity to collude the park shares basically relies upon the infraction severity, the shares traded numbers, taxable income's unregistered amount, and the conspiracy scale. There are a few tiny violations that incur more than a small fine. In 1989, bigger cases were prosecuted more severely where Paul Bilzerian, a corporate raider, was convicted on nine counts of tax fraud connected with this scheme. Therefore, he was prisoned for four years and fined $1.5 million.

The Bottom Line:

It is a digital wallet for all the Web3 requirements. Remember that it is easy to access a wealth of DeFi platforms from crypto to NFTs and beyond. You should know that OKX is a leading digital asset financial service provider. With the help of this, it is possible to access world-class security, as you continue trading & storing assets. Besides, it is possible to connect existing wallets and win up to $10,000 once you deposit over $50 via a crypto purchase or top-up within 30 days of registration. In this article, we have covered all the details regarding stock parking. If you still have any queries, do ask us via comments.

Thursday, December 22, 2022

Is Financial Planning Expensive?

Nowadays, financial planning has become a very important factor when you want to achieve any financial goal. No matter whether it is a short-term or long-term goal, financial planning enables people to meet their financial goals by planning. It does so by taking savings and allowing them to invest in several financial instruments. You should know that investors don't have enough resources that will allow them to get deep financial knowledge so that the securities can be analyzed. Besides, they don't have enough time to analyze securities.

So, what you can do is consult a financial advisor. The advisors generally charge fees for their advisory services. Therefore, it is essential to have a deep knowledge regarding financial advisor fees. Now, dig into the article to know whether financial planning is expensive or not.

Who is a Financial Advisor?

Financial advisors are those specialists who usually offer financial advice to investors so that they can achieve their goals in life. Hence, they need to conduct financial preparation, a process that allows the people to achieve the target via proper financial management.

They can have different types of goals like purchasing a home, investing money for child education, estate or retirement planning. The major role of an advisor is to make customers feel relaxed and give them some confidence. The advisors must keep up with the current events of business. Besides, they need to offer the customers impartial advice.

What Is The Cost of a Financial Advisor?

The service type you want, the portfolio size, and the compensation structure are the factors that need to be considered while determining the cost of a financial advisor. However, you will not find any standard cost that is applicable to financial advisors. A few advisors charge depending on the credentials and certifications. For instance, a financial coach can charge less than a CFP or certified financial planner.

Try to find such an advisor who can fulfil your requirements, such as making a suitable financial plan at a budget-friendly price range. But it never indicates that you need to choose the cheapest advisor. However, if you want, you can go with ones who charge higher fees and can provide an in-depth and detailed look at your finances.

You should ask the advisor about their fee structure, how to give their payments, what is included in their price range, before settling on an advisor.

How Are Financial Advisors Paid?

You should know that all advisors aren't paid in the same way. However, the payment structures depend on a few factors, including flat fees, commissions, or percentage of assets.

Fee-only:

This type of advisor can earn money when you give them payment for their services, and the fees may be hourly or flat. However, they can take the charges as a percentage of assets they are managing for you. But there are advantages when you work with this kind of advisor, i.e., the advisors are fiduciaries. In this case, you should know that a financial advisor who is working under fiduciary duty is needed by law for putting the best interest of the clients above their own. When you hire advisors, they may recommend some financial plans and products. Advisors should recommend such plans to the clients that suit their clients best instead of pushing them by those plans which can allow the advisors to earn them a commission.

Commissions:

There are some advisors working on commission. They earn money through sales commissions from third parties. But there are a few advisors who advertise themselves that they are "free" advisors. It indicates that they are not charging any money for their advice. But the money is earned actually through the commission.

Therefore, if you are going with a commission-based financial advisor, it's vital to proceed with cautions. Remember that these kinds of advisors are not fiduciary like the fee-only type. These advisors are salespeople with whom you should consult mainly for insurance brokerages & investment. They will not recommend their clients the best product as per the customers' needs.

But you should know that all commission-based financial advisors are not reliable. A few products are sold under a commission model, like life insurance. So, you must remember that they aren't held to the same care level as fee-only financial advisors.

Percentage of Assets:

Advisors can also charge their payments based on a percentage of the assets which they are managing. The average percentage is around 1% per year. For Robo-advisors, the charge is near about 0.25% to 0.5%. You will get more benefits if you have a large amount of assets as they need to pay less percentage rates compared to those who have a small amount of assets.

Should You Use a Robo-advisor?

These automated software platforms help to simplify investing. You can get these services at a much lower cost than in-person advisors. If you are going to use the robo-advisor due to the reasonable fees, you need to remember these have caveats.

These programs help to manage the money. But these software programs will not tailor a financial plan that is specific to the requirements of the clients. If someone is going to use this platform, he Or she will be asked several questions such as the present state of the finances, overall risk tolerance of the client, their financial goal, and so on. Based on the answer of the questions, the platform will give a pre-made portfolio.

There are a few robo-advisors that give an option that allows the users to add personalized financial services. But it charges extra fees for that.

How to Find a Financial Advisor:

When you start working with a financial advisor, it may happen that you have no idea from where you should start your search. Several professional financial planning associations give free databases. Here, we are going to mention a few professional financial planning association names. Let's check it.

NAPFA (National Association of Personal Financial Advisors)
Garrett Planning Network
XY Planning Network ACP (Alliance of Comprehensive Planners)
Ensure that you understand the services, the fees, and the costs charged by the financial advisor, before you settle on a particular advisor.

The bottom line:

Sometimes, you may find that hiring a financial advisor is an unnecessary expense. But you should remember that they can save money in the long run. Therefore, when you hire a financial advisor, before you sign, ensure that the advisors have transparent fees. You should generally go with such an advisor whose fee is less compared to the amount of money they save for you. You can verify any financial advisor via the government website before you sign documents or hand over the money. Is Financial Planning Expensive? What Is the Average Cost of a Financial Advisor? Is this question bothering you? Then you should know that In the year 2021, as per the Research of an Advisory HQ News Corp, the average fee of a financial advisor was 1.02% of AUM annually for a $1 million account.

Monday, November 28, 2022

What is Cybersecurity Insurance?

Cybersecurity is one of the modern emerging industries. Companies that buy this insurance are known as early adopters. You should know that the policies of Cybersecurity change from one month to the next, given the dynamic and fluctuating nature of the associated cyber-risks. However, the underwriters of these policies limited data so that the risk models can be formulated and policy coverages, premiums and rates can be determined.

What is cybersecurity insurance?

Cybersecurity insurance is a contract that one entity can buy to decrease the financial risks of an online business.

Why is cyber insurance important?

Always remember that losing electronic data or compromising any data can affect a business badly, such as loss of customers & revenue may occur. Cyber liability coverage plays a crucial role in keeping businesses protected against cyber event risks. It can also help to reduce cyber attacks and incidents. How does cyber insurance work?

Suppliers offering business insurance, including E&O insurance, business liability insurance, and commercial property insurance, sell many insurance policies. In most cases, these cybersecurity insurance policies come with first-party coverage which can be applied to losses that a company may suffer due to cyber incidents.

Who needs cyber insurance?

A few businesses make, store and manage electronic data like customer contacts, customer sales, PII, and credit card numbers. Cyber insurance is beneficial for these e-commerce businesses. Moreover, it is advantageous for those businesses that used to store customer details on a website.

What is Cyber Insurance Coverage?

It can offer coverage for these conditions including:-

Identity Theft:

You can get coverage for the defense cost of any claim that the affected party raises. Moreover, it offers coverage not only for the prosecution cost against 3rd party, but also for the costs of documents' photocopying, etc.

Cyber Stalking:

It offers coverage for the incurred cost for any criminal case's prosecution against a 3rd party.

Malware Attack:

This plan can offer restoration costs if malware attacks your computer. Besides, it gives the defense cost of any claim raised from the affected party.

Phishing:

It gives coverage of financial loss caused due to phishing acts by third-party.

What does cybersecurity insurance cover?

Informs customers if any security breach has occurred.
Pays legal fees imposed due to privacy violations.
Recovers compromised data by hiring computer forensics experts.
Restores customer identities.
Recovers the stolen data.

What Does Cyber Insurance Not Cover?

These are the following which the insurance doesn't cover.

Damages that are caused due to negligence to safeguard like credit and debit cards, bank accounts, and the internet connections, details.
It does not cover bodily injury, diseases, death, or damage to substantive items.
The insurance doesn't cover any loss caused due to electric disturbance, mechanical failure, breakdown, or media failure.

Benefits of Cybersecurity Insurance:

It can offer protection against cyber threats & crimes
Financial cybersecurity insurance cost coverage
Protects big and small companies from a cyber-attack

How can you raise a claim under cyber insurance?

The insured must inform the insurer when they come to know about any cyber incident. A few insurers tie up with third-party service cybersecurity insurance providers so that they can raise the claim.
Then an investigator is assigned so that the incident can be analysed and then the investigator chalk out a temporary resolution plan. 4-5 hours is the turnaround time.
You need to hire a cyber expert for the incident analysis when you find that the incident is severe. But, In-house cyber experts are unable to do this for keeping transparency.
Mostly the concerned parties engage in the resolution's discussion. The Insured's 2nd opinion is obtained about potential costing ascertained to resolve the attack. When any affordable option is available, the insurer will take it. However, the action's final plan can be drawn.
Information is reported to the claiming team again. Then, the team reviews these to approve the final post.

How can you renew Cyber Insurance?

If you are willing to renew the insurance coverage, you should follow these steps.

First, you need to go to the insurance website.
After that, your task is to fill in the policy number so that you can access the account.
After coming to the website page, find the "Renew" button.
It is also possible to add any add-ons or remove any if required before renewing the plan.
The premium amount will fluctuate based on the add-on's addition or removal.
After that, you should hit the "Renew" button.
You can pay now using a debit/credit card, UPI, or net banking.
After completing payment, you will get the updated policy documents in your registered email ID from the insurer. Besides, you will get a hard copy from the insurer to your registered address.
Ensure that you renew your insurance on time so that your cybersecurity insurance policy won't get canceled.

How can you choose a cybersecurity insurance policy, and how much does cyber insurance cost?

The pricing depends on the annual revenue of the insured entity and industry. If any entity wants to qualify for coverage, it must submit to a security audit by the insurance company. It can give documentation using an approved assessment tool. However, several companies don't want to select this insurance for the uncertain return on investment (ROI).

CISA, or Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, helps to encourage businesses so that they can enhance their cyber security for additional coverage at budget-friendly rates. In this case, you should know that this agency operates under DHS or the Department of Homeland Security. If your company is willing to select a policy, it must review policy details to confirm that it comes with all essential protections.

Tips to Enhance Cyber Security:

These are a few tips that you should follow to enhance cyber security.

You should follow the cyber security measures.
Try to allocate the cost of cyber insurance to your organization's budget.
You can enhance its expertise.

Conclusion:

Our world has entered into an era of cyber attacks, and there are plenty of viruses, breaches, and other attacking forms. But cybersecurity insurance plays a vital role in keeping your business protected.

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q. What is cyber insurance called?

Cyber insurance is called cyber liability insurance or cybersecurity insurance.

Q. What are the 4 categories of cyber and privacy insurance?

Its primary focus is to keep your company secured from the primary risks through these four insuring agreements:

Network security and privacy liability.
Network business interruption.
Media liability.
Errors and omission.

Q. Is cybersecurity insurance necessary?

It helps to protect all kinds of data from theft and loss.

Monday, August 8, 2022

Personal Finance Basics - Ultimate Guide

Personal finance is a term that includes various concepts like saving, managing money, investing, etc. Besides, the term covers banking, budgeting, mortgages, investments, insurance, retirement planning, and tax planning. You can say that it comprises the entire industry that can offer people financial services. In addition, it can recommend them about financial and investment chances.

In simple words, it is a personal finance management that a family unit does for saving, spending money, etc., taking different financial risks and future life events. If you want to plan it for yourself, you must consider the suitability to your needs. For example, you should consider banking products like checking, savings accounts, credit cards, and consumer loans. In addition, it is essential to consider companies' shares, bonds, mutual funds, and other investments in private equity along with the insurance, including life insurance, health insurance, & disability insurance. Moreover, you should consider social security advantages, retirement plans, income tax management, etc.

What is Personal Finance?

The Personal finance meaning is how to manage money, save and invest.

Principles of Personal Finance:

Remember that the circumstances have differences based on patterns of income, wealth, and consumption needs. Besides, different countries have different tax and financial laws. In addition, the market condition depends on geographic location. It indicates that advice for you may not be suitable for another person. In this case, you can take the help of a personal finance advisor. They can provide personalized advice in challenging situations. Moreover, if you are a person with high wealth, you should hire someone like him.

But there is an argument between University of Chicago professor Harold Pollack and personal finance writer Helaine Olen. They said that advice in the US can boil down to some easy steps.

You should pay the credit card balance off each month ultimately.
In addition, you should save 20% of your income.
Besides, you should make an emergency fund.
Try to contribute more to tax-benefitted funds, including 401(k) retirement funds, individual retirement accounts, and 529 education savings plans.

While investing savings:

Ensure that you must not trade individual securities.
Try to avoid high-fee managed funds.
Remember that you have to find mutual funds of low cost.
Whether you use a financial advisor, you need them to commit to a fiduciary duty to act in your best interest.

Personal Finance Planning Process:

Financial planning is a crucial component of personal finance. It is a dynamic procedure that you must monitor and re-evaluate daily. Usually, it involves five steps.

Assessment:

If you want to assess your financial situation, you have to compile easy versions of the financial statements like balance sheets and income statements. Using a personal balance sheet will provide you a list containing values of your assets like car, house, clothes, stocks, bank account, and cryptocurrencies. You can list private liabilities like credit card debt, bank loans, and mortgages. Remember that a personal income statement can list your income and expenses.

Goal Setting:

You should always target many goals, even if it mix short- and long-term goals. For illustration, you may have a long-term goal like retiring at age 65 with a net worth of $1,000,000. On the flip side, a short-term goal is like saving up money for a new laptop or computer to buy in the upcoming month. When you set a goal, it will help you to make financial planning. You should set your goal to meet specific financial requirements.

Plan Creation:

The plan asks you how you should accomplish your goals. It means you should decrease unnecessary expenses, enhance the employment income, spend money in the stock market, etc.

Execution:

When you want to execute a plan, ensure that you must need discipline and perseverance. If necessary, you can take help from professionals like accountants, financial planners, investment advisers, and lawyers.

Monitoring and Re-Assessment:

The plan should be monitored to adjust planning and reassess it. Goals that most adults have include:-

Pay off credit card/student loan/housing/car loan debt,
Spend the money for retirement,
Spend the money on child education
Pay medical expenses.

Why Do You Need Personal Finance?

People will need it for different reasons, including:-

1. No Formal Education:

Most nations have a formal education across different disciplines. People pursue study to earn a livelihood. What they have learned will be available as an outcome in the form of money. Although we know making money is our primary motive, no formal education still exists at elementary levels like schools or colleges. Students don't learn how to manage money. But it is essential to know the gap in the education system that doesn't let us see how a person should manage their money. That's why we should learn personal finance from an early age to differentiate between needs vs. wants. According to this, you should plan accurately.

2. Shortened Employable Age:

It has been years since people notice the need for change, the jobs which need manual intervention or are mechanical. But these are becoming redundant very quickly.

Many employment chances shift from nations with higher labor costs to countries with lower labor costs. It happens several times when employees who don't have enough skills in the middle management category are replaced by fresh talents. The reason is that the upcoming talents know new modern technologies to fix problems. As a result, they become more useful for companies than the old ones. Besides, the company can also hire them at low prices, and they are also valuable to the company.

Economy health of any nation drives automobiles, chemicals, construction, consumption, and demand. We have seen that if economies stagnate, some industries suffer more than others. It can result in companies that rationalize the workforce. You may lose your job and become unemployed for a considerable time. These are reasons why the legal employable age of 60 is decreasing.

That's why you should begin planning for your retirement and save money for retirement purposes, which is why you need so.

3. Increased Life Expectancy:

Although there are plenty of developments in healthcare, modern people are still living at an older age than their forefathers. Therefore, gradually the average lifespan changes over many years. Therefore, people in developing economies live much more life. While the average life expectancy was 60, it is now 81. Increased life expectancy but with shorter employable age requires personal finance.

4. Rising Medical Expenses:

Medical expenses have been increasing exponentially over the years. For example, expenses of the cost of drugs, hospital admission care and charges, nursing care, specialized care, and geriatric care have increased too much. Several medical expenses don't have insurance policies, including private/individual insurance coverage or federal or national insurance coverage.

If you are from the United States, you will get insurance coverage from employers, private insurers, or the federal government. Senior citizens get Medicare, while people will lower income levels get Medicaid. However, you must observe the extent of the Medicare program with the rising US fiscal deficit and a large proportion of the geriatric population.

But if you are from other developed markets like the EU, most medical care is reimbursed nationally. As a result, the national healthcare budgets started to be tightly controlled. Besides, several new expensive therapies exist which don't belong to the national formularies. It indicates that patients don't get access through government policy. They need to spend money from their pocket to avail these medicines.

Regarding developing nations like India and China, approximately all expenses are out of pocket. It is because no overarching government social security system exists covering medical expenses.

These are a few reasons you should have medical, accidental, critical illness, and life coverage insurance. In addition, the need for personal finance is also immense.

Five Aspects of a Complete Financial:

Savings: Ensure that you must save money as savings to cover sudden financial needs.

Investing: It is essential to grow money to achieve your aspirations.

Financial Protection: It ensures that your family and you can sail through the most challenging times.

Tax Planning: The correct tax planning, like making proper expenditure /investment, helps to reduce taxable revenue. Thus, you can save plenty of money each year.

Retirement Planning: It is vital to ensure you have saved much money for your needs during the twilight years.

Let's discuss what these are in detail.

1) Saving:

You might need a lot of money suddenly. For instance, your car might break down, or you have lost your job. However, you can deal with these emergency events with sufficient savings to cover the need. According to the thumb rule, the fund for the emergency needs has to be three to six months of your expenses.

You can choose Debt instruments like Liquid Funds to park the money for emergency requirements.

These are the three reasons:

These provide better returns than savings accounts though you don't get guaranteed returns.
The funds are highly liquid. Therefore, it is possible to withdraw the money after seven days.
These have negligible credit and interest risk. That's why the money is safe.

2) Investing:

You might confuse investing with saving or find them similar. Hence, you should ensure that saving means setting money aside. On the other hand, investing money indicates putting money to buy any asset ( stock, bond, mutual funds, etc.) to increase your money's growth.

Regarding investment, mutual funds are a good choice if you do it properly. Remember that you must be conscious while selecting the fund in which you will invest your money. Otherwise, you can find it counterproductive. It is vital to make your investment according to the need of investment and horizon. That's why you should establish a timeframe around it. After that, you should choose a mutual fund suitable for your investment timeframe.

Now, a question arises which fund should you select according to your financial goals?

Short-Term Goals:

It indicates those goals you have to achieve within three years. You may need to arrange funds to save for a trip or a phone within this timeframe.

Best investment options: Liquid Funds and Ultra short-term funds are the best investment options.

Mid-Term Goals:

Have you set a goal that you want to avail yourself of within three to five years? If yes, then we can say it is a mid-term goal. Giving a down payment for a house is an instance of it.

Best Investment Options: Hybrid Funds, ELSS, Short Term Debt funds like Banking, and PSU Debt Funds are examples of investment options.

Long-Term Goals:

If you want to set any goal for a minimum of five years, it is referred to as long-term goals. Some long-term goals are retirement, children's education, and kids' marriage.

Best Investment Options: Multi Cap Funds, NPS (only for retirement), and Large Cap Funds are the best investment options.

3) Financial Protection:

We might weave several dreams in life and create investment plans to turn those dreams into reality. But the same can become a liability unless we protect them with a safety net. That safety net is insurance.

Four types of insurance exist, including:

Term Insurance:

This life insurance ensures your family does not have to go through financial hardship if you die early. The term insurance sum is higher than other health insurance products. Whether you calculate it accurately, it is possible to compute the regular expenses of your family. In addition, you can account for a retirement corpus for your partner. Besides, you can cover various liabilities, including home loans and kids' education.

Health Insurance and Critical Illness Insurance:

If you have health insurance, there is no need to pay from your pocket if you or your family member has taken ill. It can cover all costs, including hospitalization, medication, pre, and post-hospitalization expenses, etc. In addition, you can choose vital insurance with your primary health policy. If you diagnose with one of the critical illnesses mentioned in your policy, the insurance company might spend money to assure you the sum assured.

Mortgage Protection Insurance:

It can pay off the mortgage when you die during the mortgage term. Besides, it ensures that the loan or mortgage for a home, car, property, etc., is not becoming a liability for your family if you die early.

Personal Accidental Insurance:

If you encounter an accident and get injured seriously or partially, you will get the money from the insurance company. They help you to cover the expenses for treatment and loss of income. But your family will get the payment if you die during the accident. The payable amount relies on the fatality of the accident.

4) Tax Saving:

People must pay taxes according to tax slabs. If you want to deduct the taxable revenue to a certain extent, you must invest in the correct fund. Seventy exemptions and reduction choices are available via which you can bring down our taxable revenue.

Two famous sections to reduce taxes are as follows:-

Section 80C: It is the largest pool for tax reduction. People can claim to reduce up to Rs 1.5 lakh under the section to create different investments and expenditures. Some well-known tax-saving instruments include EPF, PPF, NSC, NPS, ULIPs, children's tuition fees, life insurance premium, five-year tax saving FD, ELSS, Senior Citizen tax saving instrument, Sukanya Smriddhi Yojana, and home loan principal amount.

Section 80D: You can do a similar thing under Section 80D. Regarding the premium amount, it is possible to spend money on a health insurance policy. Other avenues exist which can decrease your taxable income.

5) Retirement Planning:

You should know that your most vital life stage is retirement. Ensure that it may be miserable or blissful, but it depends on how you plan for it. It will be true if you want to do any financial planning. You need to follow the two-step method hence. The first one is saving for retirement. On the other hand, the second option is creating revenue from the assets during retirement.

The two steps are as follows:-

Step 1) Building A Retirement Corpus:

You must save money for your retirement time. There are mainly two reasons – loss of income and increased life expectancy. Suppose you retire at 60 and live up to 85. Have you planned how you will spend the remaining twenty-five years after retirement while you won't have any stable income?

Considering inflation is another factor meaning the rise in prices of goods and services for daily use. During that time, the expenses will be increased after retirement. Suppose the monthly expenses are Rs 35,000. But it can be Rs 80,000 per month in 20 years. Remember that you must not maintain similar living standards.

Creating a fund big as a retirement corpus is always a lifelong process. Therefore, you should begin saving money quickly for your betterment. EPF, NPS, and Mutual Funds are the investment options for creating a retirement corpus.

Step 2) Generating Income during Retirement:

While it is vital to ensure that you save sufficient money for your retirement while working, it is also essential to channel that corpus after retirement. Try to make the correct investment to ensure that you will have a steady income. Some good investment options include STP withdrawal/transfer from Mutual Funds, life insurance annuity, and rental income.

What Is A Personal Finance Course?

It lets you know how to manage money and other forms of wealth. For instance, it means how spending money affects your accounts, use of your credit cards, the way through which interest rates make or break your portfolio, etc.

How Long Is A Personal Finance Course?

It is a course of six week where you need to learn short videos embedded with exciting learning exercises. This course enables students to practice their learning.