The Operations "carry trade" Part-2

Currently, the carry trade the most developed is the yen carry trade, however, note that there are also such operations on the Swiss franc. For investors, the yen carry trade is interesting on two levels: first because of the difference in rates (the Bank of Japan lends at a rate of 0.25%, while investors can invest this money to rates above 5% in England and the United States); the other due to the depreciation of the yen during the duration of the operation.

The situation faced today was introduced by Japan's economic policy. Following the crisis of the 2000s, Japan and the United States and Europe have dropped their rates significantly in order to avoid an economic slump. However, if the United States and Europe have been sharply reversed the trend, growth in Japan that has developed since then have been accompanied by a sharp reduction in unemployment, low wage growth but to no inflationary pressures, the Bank of Japan was not forced to change its monetary policy and rates remained extremely low (0.25%).
The interest rate spread, which has gradually opened up between the rates of Western central banks and the Bank of Japan caused the yen carry trade phenomenon. The main actors are just to take this opportunity, especially as comfortable as it is artificially maintained by the Japanese central bank and no sign of change seems to appear.

The current danger is that the carry trade is no longer limited to play on differences in rates, but it greatly increases the global liquidity by moving the pockets present in economies with weak currencies to countries with high rates. The yen is borrowed in dollars, pounds sterling, Euros ... then invested in operations with high leverage.

The Operations "carry trade" Part-1

The port - or carry trade - is a relatively simple operation which is to take advantage of a gap in performance between asset classes: asset borrowed at low rates are placed in high-yield assets. Today, the phenomenon has grown strongly on the yen, becoming problematic. that evidenced by recent calls from the President of the Eurogroup, Jean-Claude Juncker, and many analysts, asking the President of the Bank of Japan to reconsider its policy. They do not seem to find echoes in Japan, but show an awareness of the danger generated. However, failure to report the problem exists at the conference of the G8 does not seem to be in line for a quick response.

The carry trade exchange, a concept theoretically unworkable in the long term. A currency carry trade involves borrowing in a currency in a country where rates are low, to change the money into a currency "strong" and place it high (treasuries ...). Theoretically, the operation of the arbitration process is ephemeral because the markets are efficient (at each moment is a financial security to its price) and rebalance through exchange rates and interest rates.

In addition, because of the rule of parity uncovered interest rate, the interest of such an operation is theoretically zero. Indeed, a difference in rates between two countries reflects inflation differentials. But these differences are offset by a realignment of exchange rates. Thus, when an investor speculates on the difference in rates observed between the two countries, he loses the same value on the exchange. That said, sometimes the law does not hold in practice and that the currencies of countries with low rates and suffer the opposite effect depreciate. This is the case of the yen, which reached historic lows against the U.S. dollar and the euro.

The quality indicators

Quality indicators of user processes (Drivers main directions of the risks, liabilities, financial, marketing, commercial)

As part of the approval process with Basel 2 instances of trust, quality indicators should focus mainly on:

* The validity of the SI risk management
* The performance score of grant, the organization of the rating systems and delegation
* Compliance with the risk strategy in terms of authorization and action limits

These include examples of indicators as the rate of customer doubtful with a healthy note, the rate of third unrated or with a note too old, or the rate of others rated their group.

To control effectively the quality of each indicator, it is essential to have previously defined a responsible business and responsible SI (the MOA) on each of the data information system.

The process of defining indicators is iterative, since the priorities may change based on improvements. To control them properly, it is preferable to retain only 10 in the first place. The dashboard can be enriched progressively as the process will be better understood by employees and more mature. For an effective control, must not exceed twenty indicators, which requires the definition of an arbitration process indicator to be adopted.

Once the dashboard as defined with the various indicators chosen, it must be operated and monitored on a recurring basis. Identified as significant variables of a state, the indicators need to restore an image quality of the management of risks by focusing on the area’s most sensitive to the context and business goals. As a minimum, an annual review to define the quality policy to hold, but the quality is a daily challenge; do not forget to make some adjustments over the water...

Definition of Indicators

The definition of indicators based on the combination of an empirical, research-based elements of non-quality in the device in place, and a theoretical approach, having as a starting point to identify key parameters management customer risk:

To invest in the improvement actions that correct the non-quality aspects of the most sensitive, the first step is to build a balanced scorecard indicators are most representative. It is an indispensable asset to the achievement of a critical diagnosis and appropriate vis-à-vis business strategies (risk, marketing, sales ...) defined. While some indicators can be retained only for statistical purposes, the others must be action-oriented: this means they must be involved in a lens quality (which will result in the definition of alert thresholds or levels of expected results ...) and an action plan to achieve the objective. The role of each business direction and / or SI concerned to arrive at the expected level of quality must be so in a charter previously defined: it is one of the key success factors of the process.

Identify the characteristics of the third party repository brings out the different types of people (customers, prospects, guarantees ...), information (customer classification, signs of third party monitoring bodies ...), for which the required quality levels are not necessarily the same. Two examples: the rate of duplication, including the reduction can improve the consolidation process and risk capital allocation, the rate of third parties not identified as an affiliate of the bank, resulting in poor consolidation risk on intra banking group.

Reliability Of Shares

Shares of reliability, often initiated by the trades and in consultation with the project owners, are intended to identify areas of non-quality, identify the causes and identify pragmatic ways to mitigate or delete.

The first actions are almost always in the form of manual corrections. These projects mobilize substantial charges to align the repository with the reality-duplication, enhancement or correction of signs, etc ... In addition, these actions if they can have a satisfactory short-term, must be renewed frequently to maintain quality and fight against the progressive drift.

In the long run, it is best to think of more sustainable solutions and, in this regard, the levers are very diverse appointment of quality managers in the contributing entities, workflow validation of customer data, standardization of concepts , comparisons with external sources, management of several criteria of uniqueness ... The possible solutions are many but their cost, period of implementation and impact on data quality is variable. However, the prioritization of these actions is often subjective: some effects more "visible" are given priority while others are ignored because their quality impacts are unknown.

The success of the business plan requires a continuous improvement in performance. It should be laid down in processes that involve the third party repository, a real cornerstone of the IF bank. Based on the quality approaches used in industry (six-sigma, Total Quality Management ...), the virtuous cycle is divided into five phases: definition of indicators and quality objectives of the standard, indicators measuring, analyzing results, identifying actions to improve the quality control of the effect of implemented solutions. We propose in this article, to limit ourselves to the first two phases that we consider most important.